Senin, 28 September 2009

Elegi KPK

Elegi adalah cerita tentang kisah (biasanya cinta) yang sedih dan berisi curahan hati yang merana atau kehilangan yang mendalam. Sementara KPK (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi) adalah lembaga tinggi negara yang (tentu saja) tugasnya memburu para koruptor, pelindung koruptor dan semua orang yang diuntungkan olehn tindakan merugikan negara dan masyarakat. Elegi dan KPK adalah dua kata yang jarang digunakan secara bersama-sama, karena kedua istilah tersebut berasal dari bidang yang berbeda. Elegi biasanya dipake para seniman, sastrawan, budayawan atau para pencipta lagu. Sedangkan KPK adalah lembaga tinggi negara yang sering disebut-sebut oleh para ahli hukum, politikus, pejabat negara dll.
Mengapa saya menyandingkan dua kata tersebut ?
Karena saat ini KPK sebagai lembaga sedang merana. Para pimpinannya sedang bermasalah dengan hukum. Dan menurut undang-undang, ketika pejabat KPK sedang bermasalah hukum mereka harus meninggalkan jabatannya. Tercatat empat orang pejabat KPK telah tidak aktif. Pimpinan KPK sekarang dipegang dua orang. Menurut Taufiqurrahman Ruqi, tanpa mengecilkan kapabilitas mereka, KPK perlu tembahan personel untuk menjalankan fungsi KPK secara maksimal.
Menurut saya, KPK telah dan sedang tertimpa 2 kesialan. 1) Personel KPK telah berkurang. Efeknya adalah kekuatan politis dan proses decision making yang dilakukan menurun kualitasnya. Kekuatan politis turun sebagai efek dari sikap POLRI yang berhadapan dengan KPK. Padahal seharusnya POLRI sebagai pendukung dan mitra. Sedangkan dari aspek decision making, 2 orang pengambil keputusan mendapat beban tambahan yang tentu saja akan mengurang stamina mereka. Dari aspek dinamisasi proses pengambilan keputusan juga menurun karena diskusi hanya terjadi antara 2 orang. 2) Opini bahwa POLRI di atas KPK tak terelakan. Kondisi seperti ibarat pasukan perang yang kelemahannya disebarluaskan oleh komandannya sendiri. Sekarang para koruptor tahu bahwa KPK bisa di “otak-otik” bila punya akses ke POLRI.
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Saat ini para pejabat KPK mungkin sudah tidak merindukan kembali kehadiran Antasari Azhar dll yang beberapa kali berhasil menangkap koruptor. Mereka sudah tak terkenang-kenang lagi dengan nostalgia masa lalu. Meski saat ini KPK tenang, saya yakin sekarang mereka tak merasa sekuat dahulu. KPK tak merindukan personal tetapi mereka merindukan kewibawaan dan kekuatan yang dulu ampuh dan bangga mereka miliki. Semoga.

10 Hal Yang Tersembunyi Tentang Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Meskipun dikenal sebagai politisi yang sering berbicara keras dan blak-blakan, latar belakang kehidupan Mahmoud tidaklah banyak diketahui orang. Berikut kisah hidup Ahmadinejad yang tersembunyi :Mahmoud Ahamadinejad lahir pada tahun 1956, tepatnya pada tanggal 25 Oktober. Dia adalah seorang shiah. Keluarganya adalah 'keluarga ilmuwan', Ahmadinejad dan istrinya sama-sama menyandang gelar profesor.

Saborjhian adalah nama keluarganya. Sewaktu bayi, keluarga Ahmadinejad pindah dari desa kecil, Aradan, ke Teheran. sejak itulah nama keluarganya berubah dari Saborjhian - yang berarti "tukang cat benang" (pekerjaan paling rendah dalam industri karpet di Iran), menjadi Ahmadinejad - yang berarti "keturunan Muhammad" atau "keturunan bangsawan".

Ahmadinejad memiliki 6 saudara. Dia sendiri adalah anak ke 4. Ayahnya, Ahmad, adalah seorang pandai besi di Teheran. Semasa di Aradan ayah Ahamadinejad memiliki kios sayur dan potong rambut.

Pada usia 19 tahun ia menjadi salah satu dari 130 pelajar yang lulus ujian masuk perguruan tinggi (UMPTN atau SNMPTN di Indonesia). Ia tercatat sebagai mahasiswa Teknik Sipil di Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Teheran. Dengan cepat ia meraih gelar sarjana, kemudian secara berurutan meraih gelar master dan dan doktor di bidang teknik transportasi dan lalu lintas.

Ahmadinejad adalah mahasiswa sekaligus aktivis politik. Meski gerakan keagamaan di larang di masa Shah, Ahmadinejad dan kawan-kawannya membuat leaflet-leaflet protes dengan alat cetak yang disembunyikan di rumah. Kemudian Ahmadinejad bergabung dengan faksi ultra-konservatif. Pada tahun 1979, akibat Revolusi kelompok-kelompok mahasiswa radikal berkembang hingga berani merencanakan pengepungan kedutaan Amerika Serikat.

Pasca konfrontasi dengan Irak, Ia bergabung dengan Pasukan Khusus Brigade Revolusi, satuan milisi yang setia kepada Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, pemimpin spiritual pada masa itu. Ia bekerja secara sembunyi-sembunyi.

Dia adalah pendiri Islamic Society of Students (Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Islam) dan juga menjadi instruktur di Basij. Basij adalah organisasi yang mengawasi pelaksanaan Undang-undang Republik Iran yang berkaitan dengan agama. Anggota Basij berkeliling kota di atas sepeda motor mencari wanita-wanita yang melanggar aturan berpakaian dan yang berduan dengan laki-laki non-muhrim.

Pasca peperangan, ia kembali ke almamaternya. Ia menjadi dosen dan profesor teknik. Pengalaman kerjanya antara lain pernah menjadi wakil gubernur dan gubernur provinsi Maku dan Khoy. Dia juga pernah menjadi penasihat Kementrian Penerangan Islam dan Budaya. Pada tahun 1993 sampai 1997 dia menjabat sebagai Gubernur Ardabil. Dan menjadi walikota Teheran di tahun 2003.

Pada saat menjadi walikota inilah ia mendapat reputasi sebagai pejabat yang dekat dan perhatian dengan penduduk Teheran kelas pekerja dan bawah. Ia dikenal dengan kebijakannya yang konservatif-religius dan populis. Ia memerintahkan penutupan pertunjukan-pertunjukan sekuler, restoran cepat saji serta penutupan cafe-cafe internet. Kemudian dia menyeragamkan apa yang ia pakai dengan para pekerja, yaitu dengan mengendarai Peugeot tua tahun 1977 dan meninggalkan kendaraan dinasnya yaitu limosin.

Ahmadinejad memenangkan pemilihan presiden pada bulan Juni 2005 dengan mengalahkan politisi kawakan Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Pada saat kampanye ia mengatakan, "Kita tidak melakukan revolusi untuk mencari demokrasi".

Minggu, 27 September 2009

11 KISAH PRIBADI BARACK OBAMA YANG MENJADI 'RAHASIA'

Meski mendapat selalu mendapat sorotan media, tidak banyak kehidupan Obama yang terungkap. Masa kecilnya yang pernah sekolah di Indonesia pun lewat dari perhatian media Berikut adalah sekelumit kehidupan pribadi Obama yang bisa menjadi akan merubah persepsi Anda terhadapa Presiden Amerika berkulit hitam pertama ini. Selamat membaca.
Obama dan istri memiliki sebuah rumah di selatan Chicago seharga $ 1,65 juta. Rumah yang dibeli pada bulan Juni 2005 ini memiliki 4 tungku perapian
Tiga orang yang menurutnya pahlawan adalah Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Pablo Picaso dan John Coltrane.
Nama depannya - barack - diambil dari bahasa Swahili yang berarti 'anugrah'. Nama ini juga merupakan nama sang ayah.
Hoby-nya adalah bermain scrable

Sebagai senator dari negara bagian Illinois, ia salah seorang yang mendukung UU mengenai wajibnya perekaman proses interogasi oleh kepolisian dalam kasus-kasus besar. Di Amerika, Illinois adalah negara bagian pertama yang menerapkan peraturan ini.
Istri Obama, Michelle Robinson, adalah rekan kerjanya saat ia kerja-musim panas di sebuah firma hukum di Chicago. Mereka berdua sama-sama lulusan Harvard Law School
obama adalah senator Afro-Amerika ke tiga setelah "Rekonstruksi'
Barry adalah panggilan di masa kecil
Ketika remaja ia bekerja di Baskin-Robbins. Sejak saat itulah dia tidak menyukasi es krim
Sebagai seorang Presiden Amerika ia amat menghormati negara Israel dan yahudi. Tak heran ia rela melakukan ritual khas yahudi.
Obama mendapat sejumlah 77% undi dari pengundi Yahudi. Berbanding John Kerry yang hanya mendapat 74% undi daripada pengundi Yahudi pada 2004. Pada tahun 2000, Al Gore paling banyak mendapat undi daripada pengundi Yahudi yaitu sejumlah 79%. Obama mendapat banyak undi dari pengundi Yahudi di Connecticut dan Massachusetts . Di Connecticut, 61% Yahudi menyokong Obama. Yahudi mulai suka pada Obama kerana banyak kenyataan Obama secara terbuka menyokong rejim Israel

Rabu, 16 September 2009

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Sabtu, 12 September 2009

Politik 7 x 24 : Budiono dan Rp 6 Trilyun


Pemerintah mengucurkan dana 6 trilyun rupiah untuk Bank Century. Bank ini muncul ke media setelah terjadi kasus yang membuat nasabahnya kehilangan uang jutaan rupiah. Ada yang milyaran. Saya sendiri mulai tahu ada bank bernama Century setelah di televisi melihat tingkah nasabahnya yang hampir gila karena kehilangan uang milyaran. Si nasabah melakukan berbagai cara mendapatkan kembali uangnya. Mulai dari demo, jualan rujak di lobi bank sampai ‘mengajak’ ormas pasang tampang (lugu tapi buas) di depan kantor bank.
Sekitar 10 tahun lalu pemerintah juga mengucurkan dana ratusan trilyun untuk menyelamatkan sekian bank. Katanya demi stabilitas ekonomi, nyatanya pasca program itu (tahun 1997 sampai sekitar tahun 2000) Indonesia masuk ke dalam salah satu krisis paling buruk sepanjang sejarah Indonesia. Saya masih ingat bagaimana Ginanjar Kartasasmita mengumumkan program itu bersama beberapa mentri lain di hadapan wartawan dan diliput secara langsung oleh TV. Sekarang, program itu terulang. Meski tidak diumumkan secara langsung di media.
Sebagian orang mempertanyakan keputusan ini, karena fakta sejarah yang tak menyenangkan. Sedangkan sebagian lain melihat 6 trilyun itu terlalu besar dan menganak tirikan anggaran militer yang tak sebesar itu. Anggaran untuk TNI AU dan AL tidak sampai 4 trilyun.

Budiono
Karena ini ulasan politik, akan menarik bila kita alihkan fokus ke Budiono. Keputusan ini diambil ketika Budiono menjadi Gubernur Bank Indonesia. Di luar bagaimana proses pengambilan keputusan waktu itu, kemunculan isu Bank Century tepat menjelang pelantikan SBY – Budiono menjadi pemimpin negeri ini. Bola panas ini, seperti tidak merelakan pasangan SBY Berbudi dilantik dengan mulus dan penuh simpati.
Pasca selesainya kisruh MK – KPU – MA dan diumumkannya SBY – Budiono menjadi pemenang Pemilu, publik kehabisan berita yang menggoyang posisi SBY – Budiono. Masyarakat lebih disibukkan berita mengenai terorisme. Rupanya, lawan politik SBY – Budiono telah menemukan amunisi baru untuk menyerang mereka. Mesk keputusan KPU telah final, para lawan main SBY – Budiono belum hilang sakit hatinya dan terus berusaha menyerang.
Inilah politik Indonesia yang terus mengedepankan kepentingan. Tak pelak saling serang seperti ini akan terus kita lihat lagi di kemudian hari. Inilah dilema negara demokrasi, di satu sisi check and balances antar lembaga tinggi atau antar kekuatan politik berjalan namun bentrok kepentingan pun tak terelakan.
Bila isu ini dipandang serangan terhadap SBY atau Partai Demokrat (PD), bisa jadi ini karena manuver SBY yang main api dengan mengadakan pertemuan dengan PDIP. Pengamat melihat manuver ini untuk menaikkan bargaining position PD di hadapan partai koalisi yang rewel minta jatah menteri. Justru, manuver ini menjadi pisau bermata dua bagi PD. Pertama, karena PD seolah-olah tak konsisten dengan koalisi dan menjegal partai koalisinya sendiri. Kedua, tingkah PD seperti gadis remaja flamboyan yang disukai banyak orang namun tidak ingin menjadi kekasih siapapun. Lama-lama PD bisa ditinggalkan partai-partai koalisinya. Meski PD adalah partai pemenang Pemilu, namun keunggulannya tipis. Sehingga, sikap arogansi dan eksperimen harus dikurangi.
Akan menarik bagaimana sikap SBY dan Budiono sendiri menanggapi isu ini. Apakah mereka akan menanggapinya secara politis atau secara ekonomis ? Secara ekonomis, biarkan itu dijelaskan oleh Menteri Keuangan. SBY nampaknya harus bisa mendinginkan isu ini secara politis. Rupanya, pilihan SBY memilih Budiono sebagai Wakil Presiden agar isu ekonomi tidak menjadi bahan serangan politik tidak bekerja. Justru, disitulah kelemahannya.
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Sementara itu, saya membayangkan bagaimana perasaan para nasabah Bank Century yang merasa dirugikan. Mungkin, mereka sedang mereka-reka berapa persentase - dari 6 trilyun, ganti rugi yang akan mereka tuntut. Sepertinya 5 % cukup buat THR tahun ini.

Sabtu, 05 September 2009

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY Y

Y

--will be complete soon--

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY X

X

--will be complete soon--

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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY V

V

--will be complete soon--

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY S

S

Sacred Cow :
Any principle or thing that is regarded as being beyond attack, or untouchable. For example, in (US) current political debate about balancing the federal budget, Social Security is considered a sacred cow, and no politician would dare risk proposing to cut it.
Sanctuary :
A place of refuge or protection, where a person is immune from punishment by the law.
Satellite Country :
A country that is in effect, although not in name, controlled by another, usually larger country.
Secession :
The act of seceding, or withdrawing (from some organized entity such as a nation), as when Slovenia and Croatia decided to secede from Yugoslavia in 1991.
Secondary Boycott :
A boycott in which one of the parties involved attempts to exert an influence over a third party. Usually this is when a labor union, in a labor dispute, attempts to put pressure on an employer who is not direcly involved in the dispute, in the hope that this will eventually produce pressure on the employer directly involved. Most secondary boycotts are illegal under the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.
Secret Ballot :
A vote that takes place in secret, that is, one where the voter does not have to disclose for whom he voted.
Sect :
A religious group that breaks away from a mainstream church. The Branch Davidians, for example, are a sect. Can also refer to any group of people that have a common philosophy and common leadership.
Sectarian :
1. Characteristic of a sect; devoted to a sect.
2. The term is also often used to refer to conflicts where religious allegiances play a large factor, as in sectarian violence in Northern Ireland.
Secular :
Not connected with religion or the sacred, as, for example, a secular education would be one that is not based on religious teachings or principles.
Secularization :
The process of becoming secular; the separation of civil or educational institutions from ecclesiastical control.
Secularism :
The believe that laws, education, etc should be based on science, fact, etc rather than religion.
separatism :
A movement by a region or territory or ethnic group to break away from a country of which it is a part.
Servitude :
1. The state of being in slavery or bondage.
2. It can also mean compulsory service or labor, such as a prisoner may undergo as punishment.
Silk Stocking District :
An area where wealthy, aristocratic people live.
Silver-tongued :
Eloquent and persuasive. Used of politicians or others who have persuasive oratorical skills


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY R

R

Racism :
1. The discrimination against a person or group solely because of their race.
2. Any political doctrine that claims the superiority of one race over another
Radical :
Favoring fundamental change in society. Traditionally radicalism has been identified with the left, but radicals can be on the right too. Some would argue that in America today the radical agenda is that of the right rather than the left, although conservatives would say that special interest groups like feminists and gays are pushing a radical agenda
Raison d'etat :
French phrase meaning a reason of state. A reason of state is something that is of vital importance to the state, which justifies the action that a state may perform in regard to it, but which usually cannot be made public at the time.
Raison d'etre :
A French phrase meaning the reason for a thing's existence. The raison d'etre of the American civil rights movement was to secure equal rights for black people; the raison d'etre of the U.S. military is to defend the nation.
Ratification :
1. The formal adoption of a treaty by a state, by a vote of its legislators.
2. The term also applies to approval by the states of constitutional amendments.
Realism :
1. That which deals with the facts, with things as they are, not with idealistic notions of what they might or should be. Practical rather than visionary or imaginative.
2. In politics, realism is similar to realpolitik in meaning.
Realpolitik :
1. German term now used in English that means politics based on strictly practical rather than theoretical or idealistic notions, and practiced with a hard or cynical edge, without any sentimental illusions.
2. Real politik is power politics; the practitioner of realpolitik pursues the interests of his own group or country ruthlessly; he expects the other side to the same.
Red Herring :
Something irrelevant that is used to confuse or take the attention away from the something else. The term comes from the use of red herrings in hunting, to distract the hounds.
Redistribution :
Reallocation by a government of the wealth of a nation. This is usually done by taxes and welfare benefits-high taxes for the wealthy finance benefits for the poor. Redistribution is one of the central tenets of the welfare state, and of socialism.
Referendum :
A national or local vote on a single issue. Most U.S. states require referendums on amendments to the state constitution.
Reform :
A change or modification of something that already exists.
Regime :
Refers to a method or system of government; is often used to refer to a military government, or to a government that lacks legitimacy.
Regimentation :
Making people think and act in the same manner. Regimentation is a characteristic of totalitarian societies.
Regionalism :
Policies that recognize the distinctive character of different regions in a country, and allow them some autonomy over their own affairs. Regions, for example, can be distinctive due to language, culture, and history.
Repatriation :
The sending back of a person to his country of origin, as in the repatriation of prisoners of war.
Representation :
That which is performed by a representative, delegate, or agent, especially a representative in a legislature.
Representative gov :
A system of government in which the people elect agents to represent them in a legislature.
Repression :
In politics, refers to crushing of dissent, crackdown on a rebellion, or similar, as in writers and intellectuals fought against government repression.
Reprisals :
Retaliation taken in revenge for some injury suffered, as in, the government decided to take reprisals against the country responsible for terrorist acts.
Reprieve :
To delay the punishment of, particularly with reference to capital punishment; to give temporary relief to.
Republic :
the form of government in which ultimate power resides in the people, who elect representatives to participate in decision-making on their behalf. A republic is founded on the idea that every citizen has a right to participate, directly or indirectly, in affairs of state, and the general will of the people should be sovereign.
Retaliation :
1. Revenge or reprisal, on a tit-for-tat basis.
2. Retaliation is the repaying of an attack by an enemy with an attack on him.
Retroactive legislation :
legislation that applies to a specified period before the legislation was passed, as well as to the present and future.
Reverse discrimination :
the term is used by those who oppose affirmative action programs, who say that the effect of such programs is no longer to end discrimination against blacks but to discriminate against whites.
Revisionism :
The drastic reevaluation of an accepted theory or doctrine, or historical event or person. A revisionist historian for example, might offer a completely new view of a highly revered figure that shows him in a negative light, or vice versa.


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY Q

Q

--will be complete soon--A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY N

N

NAAFI :
abbr (Brit) Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes (an organization providing shops and places to eat for British soldier , etc in British and abroad).
Nation :
a large community of people, usually sharing a common history, culture, and language, and living in particular territory under one government.
Nationalism :
a strong feeling of love and pride in one’s own country. 2. desire for political independence by nation that’s controlled by another or is part of another. 3. a policy based on this


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY M

M

Machiavellian :
using clever and deceitful scheme to achieve what one wants, especially in politics. These expression of thought was found by Machiavelli in his book The Prince and Discourses, an Italian politician.
Manifesto :
a usually printed statement of principles and policies made by leader or a group, especially a political party, before an elections


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY K

K

Keynesianism :
The economic theories of John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), and his followers
Kitchen Cabinet :
The closet advisors of a president or prime minister.


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY J

J

Jacobinism :
1. the political doctrines of the Jacobins, a society of revolutionary democrats in France during the time of the French Revolution (1789-1794).
2. The term can be used to refer to any political radicalism.
Judicial Review :
The power of the Supreme Court to decide whether a law is constitutional or not.
Judiciary :
The branch of government, and the system of courts, that interprets the law
Junta :
The term for a military government.
Jurisdiction :
The right of a political or legal authority to exercise that authority over a territory, subject or person, as in the case came under the jurisdiction of the district court.
Jurisprudence :
The science of law, or a system of laws.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY F

F

Fascism :
A class of political ideologies (and historical political regimes) that takes its name from the movement led by Benito Mussolini that took power in Italy in 1922. Mussolini's ideas and practices directly and indirectly influenced political movements in Germany (especially the Nazi Party), Spain (Franco's Falange Party), France, Argentina, and many other European and non-European countries right up to the present day.
Fatalism :
the believe that events are decided by fate; the acceptance of all that happens as inevitable

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY E

E

EEC :
abbreviation of European Economic Community (now usually known as the European Union)
Earmarked : To set aside for a special purpose, as when in a budget, funds are earmarked for certain projects.
ECU :
abbr European Currency Unit. The unit of money the European Union.
Ecclesiastical :
Pertaining to church matters, as in ecclesiastical courts, ecclesiastical history, etc.
Economic Warfare:
Conflict between nations over economic issues, that results in each side taking action against the other, to raise tariffs, restrict imports, or boycott the others' goods.
Economics :
The science of the allocation of limited resources for the satisfaction of human wants.
Economy :
The entire system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in a country.
Ecumenical :
Universal. Used in reference to cooperation, understanding and unity between different churches, as in the ecumenical movement.
Ecumenism :
The ecumenical movement within Christian churches, which has been a notable feature of Christianity over the last 30-40 years. Also refers to the cultivation of greater understanding and tolerance between different religions.
Egalitarianism :
The doctrine that advocates equal political and social rights for all citizens. As such, egalitarianism is enshrined in the U.S. constitution. It does not mean that all people should be equal, but that they should all have equal opportunity.
Election :
The process by which public or private officials are selected from a field of candidates by the marking of ballots in a vote.
Electorate :
All the people in a district that are eligible to vote in elections.
Eleventh hour :
The last moment; only moments before it would be too late, as in, "the arrival of the U.S. cavalry at the eleventh hour saved the settlers from an Indian attack."
Elite :
An exclusive, carefully selected group or class, usually small, which possesses certain advantages, either of wealth, privilege, education, training, status, political power, etc. One might refer. Example, to the governing elite of a country, or to the U.S. marines as an elite force.
Elitism :
The doctrine that advocates leadership by a select group or elite. Elitism is not something that any U.S. politician would openly advocate, since it runs counter to the democratic ideal. However, it often proves a useful term when one politician wants to snipe at another one.
Emancipation :
setting free from slavery or oppression, as in the Emancipation Proclamation, a declaration by President Abraham Lincoln that became effective in 1863, that all the slaves who were in the Confederate States, who were in rebellion against the United States, were free men.
Embargo :
1. A government-imposed ban on trade with a specific country. For example, the U.S. has a trade embargo on Cuba; a similar embargo imposed on trade with Vietnam was lifted in 1994.
2. Embargo can be imposed on a particular commodity only, as when the U.S. imposed a grain embargo on the Soviet Union as a protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.
Emir :
The title of various Muslims rulers
Empire :
1. A group of countries or states that have a single ruler or ruling power
2. Large number of commercial organization controlled by one person or group
EMS :
abbr European Monetary System. A financial arrangement linking the currencies of some EU countries to the ECU.
EMU :
abbr Economic and Monetary Union. (of) The European Union, a program to achieve full economic unity in the ECU, including use of the ECU as a common currency.


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY U

U

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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY T

T

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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY B

B

Balkanization :
To break up into small, hostile units, as happened to the Balkan states
Bicameral :
having two main parts of parliament (eg in Britain the House of Commons and the House of Lords)
(the) Big Stick :
the threat of using force, esp great military strength
(the) Big Apple :
New York City - usually in US.
(the) Big Brother :
A leader or government that that has absolute control over
Bigot : A person who has strong and unreasonable beliefs and opinions, especially about religion, politics and will not listen to or accept the opinions of anyone who disagrees.
Bill :
A written plan for a proposed new law, presented to parliament for discussion.
Bill of Rights :
A statement of the basic rights of the citizens of a country. Example, the bill of Rights of the US constitution.
Black Power :
A movement supporting civil rights and political power for black people.
(the) Black Country: A heavily industrial area in the West Midland of England.
(the) Black Economy : business activity or works which is not official but which people are engaged to avoid paying taxes etc
Blackout :
1. A period when all lights must be put out or covered, esp during an air attack
2. A situation in which the release of information is officially prevented
Black Water :
Non-government military unit assisted US troops invade Iraq, on mission to capture Saddam Huseein and bio-weapon.
Bureaucracy :
1. a system of government by department which are managed by state officials, not by elected representatives
2. the officials appointed to manage such a system, as a group
3. the officials rules and procedures of an organization, especially when these are seen as too complicated and not efficient


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Rabu, 02 September 2009

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY Z

Z

Zionism : political movement concern with establishing an independent Jewish state and now with developing of Izrael in progress, will be complete in the near future


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY W

W

Welfare state :
A state whose government devotes a very large proportion of its activities and expenditures to the direct provision ofpersonal benefits to be consumed by qualifying individuals or families. Welfare benefits to individuals may be in the form either of bureaucratically supplied professional services of government employees or in the form of government-issued stipends or allowances or subsidies (transfer payments) to help qualifying households pay for general subsistence or for specific categories of state-favored expenses (merit goods)


al-Fihrist

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY F

F

Fascism :

A class of political ideologies (and historical political regimes) that takes its name from the movement led by Benito Mussolini that took power in Italy in 1922. Mussolini's ideas and practices directly and indirectly influenced political movements in Germany (especially the Nazi Party), Spain (Franco's Falange Party), France, Argentina, and many other Europeanand non-European countries right up to the present day.
Fatalism :
the believe that events are decided by fate; the acceptance of all that happens as inevitable


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY P

P

Parliament :
1. (in Britain) the group of people responsible for making and changing law in the United Kingdom. It consists of the House of Commons, the House of Lord and the King or Queen
2. a group of people that makes the law of a country

Political science :
The branch of the social sciences that is primarily concerned with analyzing and explaining the functioning of political institutions (especially governmental institutions) as well as the political behavior of individuals, groups and organizations in their efforts to influence or resist the decisions and policies of government.

Politics :
1. Political affairs of live
2. Political view or believe
3. Matters concerned with acquiring or exercising power within a group or an organizations


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY L

L
Legitimacy :
The principle that indicates the acceptance of the decisions of government leaders and officials by (most of) the public on the grounds that these leaders' acquisition and exercise of power has been in accordance with the society's generally accepted procedures and political or moral values.

POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY G

G
Government : 1. A group of people governing a country or state
2. The action or manner of governing
3. The method or system of governingOn progress, will be complete in the near future


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY I

I

Ideology :
1. As a system of ideas or beliefs that guide political action.
2. the common sense of society – ideology as world view (according to Gramsci)
3. an articulation of the struggle against the status quo – ideology as an instrument of liberation (according to Gramsci)
4. A comprehensive and coherent set of basic beliefs about political, economic, social and cultural affairs that is held in common by a sizable group of people within a society. Such interrelated ideas and teachings purport both to explain how political, economic, social and cultural institutions really do work and also to prescribe how such institutions ought ideally to operate.


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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY H

H
Hellene :
a native of modern or ancient Greek
Heuristic :
1)(of a method of teaching) that helps or allows learners to discover and learn things for themselves.
2)
a method of solving problems by learning form past experience and investigating practical ways of finding solution

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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY D

D
Democracy :
1. a system of government by all the people of a country, usually through representatives whom they elect, thought of as allowing freedom of speech, religion and political opinion.
2. control an organization by its members, who take part in the making of decisions.
3. fair and equal treatment of each other by citizens, without social class divisions.
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POLITICS POCKET DICTIONARY C

C

Cabinet :
an advisory committee to a president or prime minister, formed by the heads of government departments.
Cadre :
the nucleus around which a permanent military unit can be built, such as a cadre of officers. Also refers to the most dedicated members of a political party.
Capitalism :
1. an economics system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
2. A form of economic order characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the freedom of private owners to use, buy and sell their property or services on the market at voluntarily agreed prices and terms, with only minimal interference with such transactions by the state or other authoritative third parties.
3. an economic system in which the means of production, such as land and factories, are privately owned and operated for profit. Usually ownership is concentrated in the hands of a small number of people.
Carpetbagger :
An outsider. The term was originally applied to politicians from the Northern United States who went to the South after the civil war to try to exploit the unstable situation there for their own profit.
Carter Doctrine :
The doctrine enunciated by President Jimmy Carter in 1980, stating that "An attempt by any outside forces to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force."


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